Heating apparatus



Juny i935.. P J YOUNG Y IZAMW,

V HEATING APPARATUS Filed July 2l, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 july 9, 1935.

P. J. YOUNG HEATING APPARATUS Filed July' 21, 19:52

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented July 9 1935 VUNITED vS-'I`A'l`,l5`-S PATENTViOF-FI'YCE `HEATING intentarits (n Y. Patrick Joseph Young, NewRochelle, YQ Application July 211, 1932,- serial Noi. 623,800

f f1' Claim; '(C1. `ias-51'is)I This' inventionlrelates to heatingapparatus,v and more particularly to heating apparatus for heatingdwelling houses bythe forcedl draft circulation of warm. air. i

5 linv general, the object of the inventionjis toi provide a novel andsuperior heating apparatus for the purpose specified which may beeconomically manufactured, andV operated With"maX-' imum efficiency andeconomy.

' With this general object in view and such others as mayV hereinafterappear, the invention consists in the heating apparatus and in vthevarious structures, arrangements and combina# tions 'of partshereinafter described and Yparticularly defined in the claim at the endof this speciiication.

I In the drawings illustrating the preferred form ofthe invention, Figs.land 2 are longitudinal sectional'views through the heating apparatus,

takenfon planes at right angles to oneanother. Various forms of heatingapparatus have been heretofore used for heating dwelling houses,V

among which may be' mentioned radiation systems comprising hot water,steam or vapor sys-4 tems, all of which necessitate elaborate piping andtherusev of radiators in therooms of the dwelling houses and do not lendthemselves 'to conditioning ofthe air.V In addition,'hot air` gravityfurnaces have beenv utilized. Inthese furnaces the air circulation ismaintained by the buoyancy of the warm air, or in other words bygravity, and these systems have necessitated the employmentJ ofrelatively large ducts, large heaters, an individual duct from theheater to each temperature of the air leaving the register is.

relatively high.V While this' type `of heating apparatus lends itself toeconomical production and relatively low-priced installation, its usehas been restricted to the more inexpensive type of dwell-` Y inghouse.` f

More recently there has been developed a :form of heating apparatuswhich is more comf mcnly known as a forcedfdraft heating and airconditioning system, operating upon the funda.-

.mental principle of forcing air under pressure register, and the use ofrelatively large registers' in the floor or lower portion of the wall ofthe` room. 'This typeY of heating apparatus leaves f much' to be desiredfor the reasons that the cirget heat to extreme portions of the system,Vpar- 1 through a heat exchanger'to absorb heat supplied by a source offuel in the air beingcirculated therethrough; Inf practicethercommercial forms offthistype of apparatus have utilized gas as the vfuel,V although more recentlyv there has been a growinggtenden'cy toput' known forms of oil 5 burnersrin-existing air heating andconditioning apparatus of this type. However, the cost of the heatingplant'plus thel cost of the separate oil burner installationresults inthe exceedingly high irst costforA the'combined apparatus. In additionthe use of oil burners with existing types of yair heatingandconditioning apparatus has not proven ,entirely satisfactoryirrespective of the cost,*particularly in' regard tothe development ofleaks by reason ofthe expansion and contraction of thelcastdron sectionsof the heating apparatus due to the intermittent operation of the oilburner together with the fact thatA the oil burner is 'usually` noisy'and the air circulating ducts accentuate the sound from the burner, andfor the further reason Vthat the efficiency of the unit'is relativelylowbecause of the fact that'the burnerand the-heater are not designed forone another. i'

In accordance with the present invention', a

able'for domestic air conditioning purposes is provided and in which'apositive circulationof air under. pressure is effected in contact withany usual or preferred form of heat exchange to the endthatlthe airbeing circulated may be heated. Provision is made for utilizing aportion of the air thus heated and circulated,for supporting combustionof oil of Yan'oil burner located within' theheater lfor furnishing theheat to heat the general circulation of air. As a result I have found itpossible te provide a heating apparatus Y which is suitable. for useforgeneral air conditioning purposes and in which the oil burner forms anintegral` part lof the apparatus, and the air for supporting thecombustion of the oil in a preheated and most desirable condition maybe'r conv ducted' tothe burner without the necessity of the employmentofthe usual form of blower andv attachments forming. part of the oilburners now on the market.

Referring now to the drawings, which as above stated illustrate thepreferred embodimentof the invention, the present apparatus is providedwith a combustion chamber indicated generally at I!) within Which an oilburnerindicated generally at Vl2 is operatively supported. The apparatusis also provided with `means for forcing air under pressure therethroughin a manner such as to permit the air to lbe heated by the heatgenerated 1 by the operation of the oil burner. As illustrated in Figs.1 and 2, the apparatus is provided with a fan or blower of any usual orpreferred construction indicated at Il, and the discharge side I5 ofwhich is connected to the air conduit I6 of a heat exchanger I8. The airconduits I6 are preferably composed of metal arranged to permit thepassage between contiguous portions of the air conduit of the gaseousproducts of combustion which rise through a tortuous lflue I9 around andbetween such portions of the air conduit until finally the products ofcombustion pass out through the fiue 20 connected to the chimney; As aresult of this construction, the air passed through the air conduit fromthe fan or blower I4 is heated by conduction by the products ofcombustion of the oil, the exchange of heat taking place on thecounter-flow principle. Inother words, the air entering the apparatusfrom the blower or ian first comes in contact with the heating surfacesof the heat exchanger which in turn are heated by those products ofcombustion about to leave the apparatus, andas the air continues to passthrough the heat exchanger its tempera.-

ture is gradually raised, coming in `contactwithv heating surfaces atprogressive increasing temperatures until in the lower portion of theheat exchanger the air will have been brought to itsV higher temperatureand will encounter heating surfaces at the highest temperature which areheated by products of combustion at their Yhighest temperature.

After the air has thus been heated by passing through the heatexchanger, it is conducted from the apparatus herein shown as lbeingpassed through the pipe 40 to the heater discharge 42.

connected to the duct system leading to the various rooms within thehouse.

From the description thus'far it will be observed that air enters Vtheheat exchanger from the fan or blower at room temperature, as forexample 65 F. and may be raised in temperature during itsV passagethrough the heat exchanger to a higher temperature, as for example 190F. In accordance with the present invention a portion of this air isutilized for. the operation of the oil burner, and as herein shown, theair chamber of the burner is connected by a pipe 6I to the air conduit40 leading from the heat exchanger and through which the air is passingduring the operation of the apparatus at a temperature of approximately190. As illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, in the illustrated form ofapparatus, the required quantity of this air of relatively hightemperature may be led ofi from the lower run of the duct 40 through thepipe 6I and conducted therethrough to the air chamber of the burner. Thepipe line 6I may be provided with a control damper 63.

From the description thus farY it will be apparent that the presentinvention permits the construction of an oil burner and a heater as anintegral unit instead of two separate units;. that it reduces the firstcost and permits the elimination of a duplication of parts; that itreduces the oost of installation because the installation consists ofone operation instead of two separate operations, which in practice wereusually done at different times; that it permits more efficientoperation because the air or combustion may be supplied at an elevatedtemperature preferably around 190 F. instead of at a temperature rangingfrom 40 to 50 as would otherwise be the In the oil burners now on themarket which withdraw cold air from the basement, a limit exists as tothe amount of air which can be introduced without detracting from theefiiciency of the combustion. When this limit is exceeded, the excessivecold air reduces the temperature in the burner retort, detracting fromthe vaporization of the oil, and preventing the burner from operating atmaximum efficiency with the result that it has been impossible toapproach complete combustion. By using pre-heatedy air at thetemperature which may be obtained by the present apparatus, it ispossible to introduce into the burnerV much higher volumes of airwithout cooling the burner retort, with the result that combustion morenearly approaching complete combustion may be obtained.

Provision is alsomade for controlling the supply of humidity to the airstream, and as herein shown a water line |00 is tapped into the air lconduit I6, and is provided with a solenoid valve I 02 controlled by ahumidistat.

From the description thus far it will be observed that the presentinvention enables heating apparatus to be provided which is capable ofoperating with increased efiiciency because of the higher temperaturesat which the air may be supplied for the operation of the burner, withthe result that a greater supply of air can be provided to insurecomplete combustion without hazard of cold air cooling the flame andretarding the combustion. In addition, the present apparatus may beinstalled at a minimum first cost, resulting from the' incorporation ofthe burner and heater into an integral unit and eliminating duplicateparts which are involved in the installation of aseparate oil Yburnerunit in a separate heater. Finally, the cost of installation is reducedand the whole heater may be operated within such limits of cost whichgreatly enlarges the commercial field of usefulness of the'heater.

While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been hereinillustrated and described, it will be understood that the invention maybe embodied in other forms within the scope of the following claim.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed is:-

In a unitary air heating apparatus for domestlc air conditioningpurposes, in combination, a casing providing a combustion chamber, aheat exchanging conduit entirely enclosed by the casing and providedwith an inlet, and an outlet extending through the casing, said outletbeing adapted to be connected to a duct system extending throughout thehouse, a blower connected to the inlet having capacity suiiicient tocirculate the air under pressure through the heat exchanging conduit andoutwardly from said outlet through said duct system to eiiect theconditioning of the air within the house, an oil burner within thecasing and underlying said heat exchanging conduit, and ymeans for'withdrawing sufiicient heated air from the heat exchanging conduit at apoint Where it has been heated to a substantially maximum temperature tosupply the entire amount of air for the combustion of oil in the oilburner, whereby the single blower eiiects both the circulation of theair throughout the house and the supply of the entire air required forthe combustion of the Oil by the oil burner.

PATRICK JOSEPH YOUNG.

